Official Name:

Republic of Singapore

Singapore

Independence Day, 9 August (1965)

699.4 square kilometers

4.5 million (July 2007 est.)*

Chinese

Official Language:

Chinese (Mandarin), Malay and English

Major Religion:

Buddhism, Islam and Christianity

History:

Founded as a British trading colony in 1819; joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but separated two years later and became independent.

Parliamentary Democracy

President S R Nathan or Sellapan Ramanathan

Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong

Foreign Minister:

George Yong-boon Yeo

Unicameral Parliament

Supreme Court

Currency : Singapore dollar

GDP (nominal) : US$132.155 billion est.**

GDP (nominal) Per Capita : US$29,917.20 est.**

GDP (PPP) : US$145.183 billion est.**

GDP (PPP) Per Capita : US$32,866.67 est.**

Electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, entrepot trade, biotechnology, offshore platform construction, life sciences*

Malaysia, United States, China, Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea (2005)*

Main Source of Imports:

Malaysia, United States, China, Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea (2005)*

* CIA World Fact Book (updated April 2007)
** IMF World Economic Outlook (2006 estimates)
*** DTI Tradeline Philippines (April 2007)
**** National Statistical Coordination Board (provided by BOI)
***** Department of Tourism
Source: Office of Asian & Pacific Affairs
Department of Foreign Affairs

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Establishment of Diplomatic Relations

The Philippines opened a consulate in Singapore in 1966, the year after Singapore achieved independence. Full diplomatic relations were established in August 1969 with the upgrade of the consulate to an embassy.

Highlights of Philippines-Singapore Bilateral Relations

Bilateral relations have been cultivated through frequent exchanges of visits by high-ranking officials. Bilateral meetings have been held at the sidelines of annual meetings such as the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, the United Nations General Assembly, and the ASEAN Summit, among others.

President Arroyo met with President Nathan on 13 February 2007. They discussed ASEAN matters, political and economic developments of the Philippines and Singapore, Singapore’s interest for RP’s poultry, job opportunities for Filipinos in the city-state, and cooperation on air services and culture, among others.

Meeting between Secretary Alberto G. Romulo and Singapore Foreign Minister George Yeo at the sidelines of the 12^th ASEAN Summit, 8 December 2006

Secretary Romulo met with FM Yeo at the sidelines of the 12^th ASEAN Summit in Cebu and discussed particularly the Eminent Persons Group (EPG) report and ASEAN Community by 2015 among others.

President’s Working Visit to Singapore, 19-20 November 2006

President Arroyo met with members of Singapore’s business community. She met 21 company representatives during the luncheon hosted by Temasek Holdings and the Philippines-Singapore Business Council. The lunch gave the opportunity for the businessmen to ask questions directly to the President regarding the economic situation of and business environment in the Philippines.

The President had separate meetings with the representatives of companies that already have investments in the Philippines such as Temasek Holdings, Singtel, Singapore Technologies Telemedia (STT), YTL Corporation Berhad, and Banyan Tree Holdings Ltd.

Banyan Tree Holdings, Ascott Group and STT had expressed interest in investing in the Philippines.

Separate Meetings between Secretary Alberto G. Romulo; Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien-Loong, 18 August 2006; SFA and Singapore President S. R. Nathan; and SFA and Singapore Foreign Minister George Yeo, 19 August 2006

Secretary Romulo met with PM Lee, Pres. Nathan and FM Yeo on separate occasions to discuss the current state of bilateral trade between the Philippines and Singapore and the possibility of having more Singaporean investments in the country. The meetings also served as an opportunity to convey President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo’s appreciation for Singapore’s fair and good treatment of Filipinos in Singapore.

Secretary Romulo informed the Singapore Leaders of the preparations of the Philippines for the 12^th ASEAN Summit in Cebu in December. He sought Singapore’s support for the Philippine initiatives for the Summit. In doing so, he underlined the need for Singapore and the Philippines to work closely together for the next two years since Singapore is the Vice Chair of ASEAN.

Meeting between Secretary Alberto G. Romulo and Singapore Foreign Minister George Yeo at the sidelines of the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, 27 July 2006

Foreign Minister Yeo met with Secretary Romulo at the sidelines of the 39^th ASEAN Ministerial Meeting in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. They shared their views on the entry of Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships (ReCAAP) and hosting of the ASEAN Summit in December as well as that of the East Asia Summit (EAS).

Meeting between President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo and Singapore Foreign Minister George Yeo, 15 February 2006

Foreign Minister Yeo discussed with President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo the possible participation of Singapore’s SingPower in the bidding of Transco and the holding of bilateral talks on the air services agreement for tourism promotion. They also discussed ASEAN matters like the drafting of the ASEAN Charter and the East Asia Summit (EAS) membership.

Meeting between Secretary Alberto G. Romulo and Singapore Foreign Minister George Yeo, 15 February 2006

Foreign Minister Yeo met with Secretary Romulo to discuss ASEAN issues like Myanmar, ASEAN integration, membership in EAS as in the case of Russia, the ASEAN Charter as a statement of ASEAN’s political will, and the possible creation of an ASEAN Maritime Forum.

Official Visit to the Philippines of Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, 9-10 December 2004

Prime Minister Lee met with President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Senate President Franklin M. Drilon, House Speaker Jose De Venecia Jr., and Senator Richard Gordon. He and his delegation also had an expanded bilateral meeting with President Arroyo and representatives of key government agencies.

The bilateral meeting discussed initiatives to enhance Philippines-Singapore bilateral relations. Among the initiatives discussed were the expansion of air linkages, the entry of budget airlines, tourism, counter-terrorism, defense, Philippine domestic reforms, and the peace process in Mindanao.

The expanded bilateral meeting covered trade, investments, tourism, air services, information technology, defense cooperation, ASEAN integration, counter-terrorism, and Filipinos in Singapore.

The meeting with the legislative officials focused on Singapore investing more in the Philippines, addressing the security situation of the Philippines, the proposals of establishing an Asian parliament, the establishment of a fund that will finance reforestation projects in the Philippines, housing programs, and the Asian Anti-Poverty Fund.

1^st Informal Consultations on the Philippines-Singapore Action Plan (PSAP), 27-28 October 2004

Discussions during the 1^st Consultations on the PSAP covered the following: a) strengthening ASEAN to make it more responsive in engaging the powers in the region; b) the relocation of the Bayanihan Center in Singapore, and c) the direct communication of agencies implementing bilateral initiatives such as those on culture, people-to-people exchanges, education, information technology, tourism, capital market development, economic cooperation, and military cooperation.

Visit to Singapore of Secretary Alberto G. Romulo, 21 October 2004

Secretary Romulo and Foreign Minister George Yeo discussed the forthcoming visit of Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong in December 2004, the improvement of trade and commercial ties, the possibility of Singapore establishing more industrial parks in the Philippines similar to that of the Carmelray Industrial Park II, Philippine support for Singapore’s bid to host the Information Sharing Center for Anti-Piracy in Asia and the Pacific, President Arroyo’s ten-point agenda and eight-point realities, the importance of ASEAN, and the progress of peace and development efforts in Mindanao.

Official Visit to Singapore of Secretary Delia D. Albert, 7 February 2004

Former Secretary Albert met with then Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong and then Foreign Minister S. Jayakumar.

In her meeting with Foreign Minister Jayakumar, they discussed the healthy economic and political relationship of the two countries, the fight against terrorism, the early convening of the informal consultations on the PSAP, and the construction of a new MRT line that will affect the Bayanihan Center in Singapore, among others.

Philippines-Singapore Bilateral Trade and Investment

Philippine-Singapore Bilateral Trade
2000- 2006, In US$ FOB

Singapore remains the Philippines’ largest trading partner in Southeast Asia and the fourth in the world. As of December 2006, bilateral trade with Singapore grew to US$7.80B, accounting for 7.92% of Philippines’ total trade with the world. Exports to Singapore reached US$3.44B or 7.34% of total Philippine exports to the world. On the other hand, the Philippines imported from Singapore about US$4.35B or 8.45% of total Philippine imports from the world. Electronic products continued to dominate bilateral trade, accounting for about 67% of trade volume. This is due to complementary collaboration between both countries in the electronics manufacturing chain.

For the fourth year, the Philippines again posted a negative trade balance with Singapore amounting to US$907.28M. This may be due to the decline in electronic imports of the city-state from the Philippines as a result of the decreased purchases of parts of PCs and consumer electronics. It must be noted that the overall Singapore’s performance growth in the electronics sector that moderated from 9.2% to 3.2% in 2006 had an impact on the two-way trade of both countries. Other factors that have influenced the extent of moderation include the slowdown in the global semiconductor cycle, concerns over competition in China, and lingering high oil prices.

Foreign Direct Investments of Singapore to the Philippines
In Million Pesos, 2000-2006 (January-June)

Source: Foreign Direct Investments

National Statistical Coordination Board

According to DTI, Singapore continues to be the Philippines’ largest direct investment source from ASEAN for the period 2000-2006. The year 2001 saw the huge inflow of investments from Singapore, amounting to Php 15,863.9 million (US$311.18 million) representing ¼ share to the total FDI approved by BOI, PEZA, SBMA, and CDA from the world. While this amount has yet to be surpassed or repeated, Singapore investors nonetheless continue to show confidence in the Philippine economy.

Investments from Singapore were directed to various sectors such as information technology, fashion and garments, services, tourism and agriculture.

Examples of Singapore companies that are present in the Philippines:

1. Singapore Computer Systems Ltd. joined Telus International Inc. of Canada to set-up a joint venture company called TISCS Pte. Ltd. to invest in a 70% interest in Ambergris Solutions Inc, a Philippine homegrown call center in February 2006.
2. Sembcorp Logistics, one of the largest Singapore logistics company, tied-up with Macro Asia Corporation to form Semblog-Macroasia Philippines to provide supply chain solutions to service manufacturing companies located in the Philippines.
3. SIA Engineering and Cebu Pacific Air in Line Maintenance Services Joint Venture known as Aviation Partnership (Philippines) Corporation to provide line maintenance service to third party customers.
4. Singtel also increase its stake in Globe Telecom to 44.6% to become its biggest stakeholder.
Prima Taste, a Singaporean manufacturer of ready-to-cook pastas and premixes, opened its second concept restaurant called "Rasa."
5. BreadTalk
6. Charles & Keith and Mphosis, a ladies footwear and a ladies fashion boutique respectively, continued to expand their business.
7. Jetstar Asia.
8. Tiger Airways.
9. Keppel Land, a Singaporean real estate developer, and SM Group in a joint venture known as 10. SM Keppel Land to develop a mixed-use development project in Ortigas Center which includes The Podium, an upscale shopping mall.

The Philippines-Singapore Business Council (PSBC) was formed in 1994 as a platform for senior business executives from both countries to promote greater business cooperation. It continues to be one of the most active business councils in the Philippines. Apart from meeting annually, the Council also actively supports and organizes activities to foster closer interactions between the private sectors of both countries.

The 9^th PSBC meeting was held in Shangri-La Mactan Hotel in Cebu on 8 November 2004. International Enterprise Singapore, formerly known as Singapore Trade Development Board, organized a five-day mission to Cebu and Metro Manila to coincide with the meeting.

Singapore’s bilateral assistance to the Philippines comes by the way of providing funds for training and scholarships, mainly through the Singapore Cooperation Programme Training Awards. Areas covered include: industrial park development, investment promotion, port infrastructure and management, franchising, tourism, productivity and skills training, corporate and financial management.

Philippine-Singapore Bilateral Agreements

Filipinos in Singapore

Estimated number of overseas Filipinos in Singapore as of December 2006

Distribution of Filipinos according to profession as of December 2006

Singapore Laws Affecting Foreign Workers in Singapore

Beginning 2005, the Singapore Ministry of Manpower (MoM) introduced the following changes in the city-state’s labor laws and regulations affecting foreign workers:

MoM increased the minimum age requirement for foreign domestic workers (FDWs) from 16 to 23 years old and introduced a minimum requirement of 8 years of formal education and documentary proof of such.

MoM introduced the FDW Safety Awareness Course (FDW-SAC) in April 2005 for all FDWs in Singapore. The FDW-SAC seeks to raise the awareness of FDWs on domestic safety (with focus on living in high-rise buildings), inform them of their basic rights and obligations, and orient them to their new life in the city-state. A FDW guidebook was also provided. A Tagalog version of it will be produced in 2006 with the assistance of the Philippine Embassy in Singapore.

MoM also introduced a program for first-time employers to sensitize them to issues affecting FDWs. It includes the following:

1. Entry test requirements for FDWs to ensure that they understand basic safety instructions, numeracy, and English literacy skills; and

2. Ensuring payment of salaries of foreign manpower within seven days after the month for which work was done.

Department of Foreign Affairs

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Singapore, 24-25 June 2007

The economic dynamism of the East Asian community continues to reorder global and regional business strategies. Ten years after the Asian financial crisis, ASEAN’s lead in market-driven integration, the emergence of China and India, and Japan’s economic recovery underline East Asia’s renewed economic buoyancy.

A select group of global leaders will gather at the World Economic Forum on East Asia to shape the region’s industry, economic and political agendas.

The industry agenda will focus on a new generation of East Asian multinationals and the impact of cross-border investments. The economic agenda will examine the durability of East Asia’s growth in the face of emerging global risks.

On the occasion of ASEAN’s 40th anniversary, the political agenda will center on the design of its evolving regional architecture and its relationship with important strategic partners such as India, Russia and the United States.

Co-Chairs for the event are:

Carlos Ghosn, President and Chief Executive Officer, Renault, France; President and Chief Executive Officer, Nissan, Japan

E. Neville Isdell, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, The Coca-Cola Company, USA

Jim Goodnight, Chief Executive Officer, SAS, USA

K. V. Kamath, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer, ICICI Bank Ltd, India

James T. Riady, Chief Executive Officer, Lippo Group of Companies

Source: http://www.weforum.org/en/events/WorldEconomicForumonEastAsia2007/index.htm

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The World Economic Forum is an independent international organization committed to improving the state of the world by engaging leaders in partnerships to shape global, regional and industry agendas

Incorporated as a foundation in 1971, and based in Geneva, Switzerland, the World Economic Forum is impartial and not-for-profit; it is tied to no political, partisan or national interests. The World Economic Forum is under the supervision of the Swiss Federal Government

It is striving towards a world-class corporate governance system where values are as important a basis as rules. Its motto is ‘entrepreneurship in the global public interest’ and it believes that economic progress without social development is not sustainable, while social development without economic progress is not feasible.

The World Economic Forum’s vision is threefold. It aims to be: the foremost organization which builds and energizes leading global communities; the creative force shaping global, regional and industry strategies; the catalyst of choice for its communities when undertaking global initiatives to improve the state the world.

It enjoys a unique global standing by recognizing and responding to two new developments:

• The world’s key challenges cannot be met by governments, business or civil society alone
• In a world characterized by complexity, fragility and ever greater synchronicity, strategic insights cannot be passively acquired. They are best developed through continuous interaction with peers and with the most knowledgeable people in the field.

To carry out its mission, the World Economic Forum has developed an integrated value chain by involving world leaders in communities, inspiring them with strategic insights and enabling them through initiatives.

Members represent the world’s 1,000 leading companies. Partners are select member companies who are actively involved in the organization's activities and contribute their expertise and resources.

Members comprise in principle the foremost 1,000 global enterprises. Characteristics of Members include:

• Their rank among the top companies within their industry and/or country
• The global dimension of their activities
• A leading role in shaping the future of their industry and/or region

The Forum has three main governing bodies:

• The Foundation Board, which has overall responsibility for establishing the long term direction and objectives of the Forum, and which is comprised of international public and private sector leaders.
• The International Business Council, which acts as an advisory body providing intellectual stewardship to the Forum.
• The Managing Board, which is the in-house management team responsible for the executive oversight and management of the activities and resources of the Forum.

Source: http://www.weforum.org

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S R Nathan was born in Singapore on 3 July 1924.

Mr. Nathan received his early education in several schools – Anglo-Chinese Primary and Middle School, Rangoon Road Afternoon School and Victoria School.

Mr. Nathan started working before completing his studies. After the war, whilst working, he completed his secondary education through self-study and entered the University of Malaya (then in Singapore) where he graduated in 1954 with a Diploma in Social Studies (Distinction).

Mr. Nathan began his career in the Singapore Civil Service as a medical social worker in 1955. He was appointed Seamen’s Welfare Officer the following year. In 1962, he was seconded to the Labour Research Unit of the Labour Movement, first as Assistant Director and later Director of the Labour Research Unit until January 1966. He continued as a Member of its Board of Trustees until April 1988.

In February 1966, he was transferred to the Foreign Ministry. He served as Assistant Secretary and rose to be Deputy Secretary before being appointed Acting Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs in January 1971.

In August of the same year, Mr. Nathan moved to the Ministry of Defence where he was a Director with the rank of Permanent Secretary.

In February 1979, he returned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and became its First Permanent Secretary until February 1982 when he left to become the Executive Chairman of the Straits Times Press (1975) Ltd., the Singapore newspaper company. At various times from 1982 to 1988, Mr. Nathan also held directorship of several other companies including the Singapore Mint Pte Ltd., The Straits Times Press (London) Ltd., Singapore Press Holdings Ltd., and Marshall Cavendish Ltd. He was Chairman of Mitsubishi Singapore Heavy Industries – a ship-repairing and engineering joint-venture with the Mitsubishi Group of Japan, from 1973 to 1986.

From 1983 to April 1988, Mr. Nathan was Chairman of the Hindu Endowments Board. He was a founding member of SINDA – the Singapore Indian Development Association – and its Term Trustee until August 1999.

In April 1988, Mr. Nathan was appointed Singapore’s High Commissioner to Malaysia and in July 1990, became Ambassador to the United States of America where he served until June 1996.

On his return, Mr. Nathan was made Ambassador-at-Large and was concurrently Director of the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies at the Nanyang Technological University. He held a directorship in the Singapore International Media Pte Ltd between September 1996 and August 1999.

He resigned as Ambassador-at-Large and Director of the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies on 17 August 1999 and was elected President of the Republic of Singapore on 18 August 1999. He began his 6-year term on 1 September 1999. On 17 August 2005, Mr. Nathan was re-elected and he was sworn-in for his second term of office on 1 September 2005.

Mr. Nathan was conferred the Public Service Star in 1964, the Public Administration Medal (Silver) in 1967, and the Meritorious Service Medal in 1974.

Mr. Nathan, a Hindu, is married to Urmila (Umi) Nandey and has a daughter, a son and three grandchildren.

Source: Office of Asian & Pacific Affairs

Department of Foreign Affairs

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Data code: EK

Government type: republic

Capital: Malabo

Administrative divisions: 7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Kie-Ntem, Litoral, Wele-Nzas

Independence: 12 October 1968 (from Spain)

National holiday: Independence Day, 12 October (1968)

Constitution: approved by national referendum 17 November 1991; amended January 1995

Legal system: partly based on Spanish civil law and tribal custom

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal adult

Executive branch:
chief of state: President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (since 3 August 1979 when he seized power in a military coup)
head of government: Prime Minister Serafin Seriche DOUGAN (since NA April 1996); First Vice Prime Minister and Agriculture Minister Miguel OYONO NDONG (since NA January 1998); Second Vice Prime Minister for Internal Affairs Demetrio Elo NDONG NZE FUMU (since NA January 1998)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections: president elected by popular vote to a seven-year term; election last held 25 February 1996 (next to be held NA February 2003); prime minister and vice prime ministers appointed by the president
election results: President Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO reelected with 98% of popular vote in elections marred by widespread fraud

Legislative branch: unicameral House of People's Representatives or Camara de Representantes del Pueblo (80 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 7 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - PDGE 80%, UP 6%, CPDS 5%; seats by party - PDGE 75, UP 4 and CPDS 1
note: opposition parties have refused to take up their seats in the House to protest widespread irregularities in the 1999 legislative elections

Judicial branch: Supreme Tribunal

Political parties and leaders: Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Placido Miko ABOGO]; Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE (ruling party) [Augustin Nse NFUMU]; Party for Progress of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO]; Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Miguel Esono EMAN]; Popular Union or UP [Fabian MUSA, general secretary]; Progressive Democratic Alliance or ADP [Victorino Bolekia BONAY, mayor of Malabo]

International organization participation: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, OPCW, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTrO (applicant)

Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Mr Teodoro Biyougo NSUE
chancery: 2020 16th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 518-5700
fax: [1] (202) 518-5252

Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Niels MARQUARDT (resides in Yaoundé, Cameroon)
Charge d'affaires a.i. Ms. Sarah Craddock MORRISON
chancery: K-3, Carretera de Aeropuerto, Al lado de Restaurante El Paraíso, Malabo
telephone: [240] 093-457
fax: [240] 098-443
note: the US reopened its embassy in Equatorial Guinea in late 2003 (embassy closed September 1995). The US also maintains a Consular Agency in Bata on the mainland.

Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side and the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms has six yellow six-pointed stars (representing the mainland and five offshore islands) above a gray shield bearing a silk-cotton tree and below which is a scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ, JUSTICIA (Unity, Peace, Justice)

Geography

The Republic of Equatorial Guinea is located in west central Africa. Bioko Island lies about 40 kilometers (25 mi) from Cameroon. Annobón Island lies about 595 kilometers (370 mi) southwest of Bioko Island. The larger continental region of Rio Muni lies between Cameroon and Gabon on the mainland; it includes the islands of Corisco, Elobey Grande, Elobey Chico, and adjacent islets. Contrary to its name, no part of the country lies on the equator.

Demographics

The majority of the people of Equatorial Guinea are of Bantu origin. The largest tribe, the Fang, is indigenous to the mainland, but substantial migration to Bioko Island has resulted in Fang dominance over the earlier Bantu inhabitants. The Fang constitute eighty percent of the population and are themselves divided into sixty seven clans. Those in the northern part of Rio Muni speak Fang-Ntumu, while those in the south speak Fang-Okah; the two dialects are mutually unintelligible. The Bubi, who constitute fifteen percent of the population, are indigenous to Bioko Island.

In addition, there are coastal tribes, sometimes referred to as "Playeros" (Beach People in Spanish): Ndowes, Bujebas, Balengues, and Bengas on the mainland and small islands, and "Fernandinos", a Creole community, on Bioko. Together, these groups compose five percent of the population. Some Europeans (largely of Spanish or Portuguese descent) – most of them mixed with African ethnicity – also live in the nation. There is a growing number of foreigners from neighboring Cameroon, Nigeria, and Gabon. Equatorial Guinea received Asians and black Africans from other countries as workers on cocoa and coffee plantations. Other black Africans came from Liberia, Angola, and Mozambique, and Asians are mostly Chinese and Japanese. Equatorial Guinea also allowed many fortune-seeking European settlers of other nationalities, including British, French and Germans. After independence, thousands of Equatorial Guineans went to Spain. Another 100,000 Equatorial Guineans went to Cameroon, Gabon, and Nigeria because of dictatorship of Francisco Macías Nguema. Some of its communities also live in Brazil, some Spanish-speaking Latin American nations, United States, Portugal, and France.

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